Deterrence of Corporate Fraud Through Securities Litigation: The Role of Institutional Investors

Johnson suggests that institutions are uniquely positioned to enhance the deterrence function of securities litigation without undermining the compensation goal

A New Species of Xiphosomella (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The genus Xiphosomella belongs in the subfamily Cremastinae. This genus and Pristomerus differ from other genera of the subfamily in having a distinct thyridium on the second tergite. In Xiphosomella the thyridium is some distance from the base of the second tergite, while in Pristomerus the thyridium is very close to the base. Both genera may or may not have a spine on the under side of the hind femur. Xiphosomella may have an areolet. Most species of Xiphosomella are Neotropic. One species (dubia) has been described from the United States. This paper adds a second species. Unless otherwise stated, all specimens are in the Townes collection, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Matanuska Valley Memoir

We acknowledge indebtedness to the historians and developers of Alaskana who preceded us and provided much of the information we have compiled into our account of the birth of a community. Many "old timers" from the Valley provided valuable insight into situations they had experienced. Mr. Roland Snodgrass, Mrs, June Murphy and Miss Dolores Pommier assisted in compilation and preparation of background data. Mr. James Hurley made available to us the ARRC unpublished files for compilation of certain data. Various public officials aided us in many ways as we worked· our way through recorded . history. Several old photos were contributed by Mr. Walter Teeland of Wasilla and Mr. Don L. Irwin of Palmer. Several persons in public and private life who know Alaskan conditions have reviewed the manuscript and suggested improvements, Special acknowledgement is due Don L. Irwin, Director of the Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station, His vision and foresight were largely responsible for the undertaking, His encouragement and advice bolstered our lagging spirits before the long task was completed. He has read each chapter critically and has assisted particularly with interpretation of materials since 1935,The Matanuska Valley was created through action of ice, water and wind. When the last glaciers retreated up the Susitna, the Knik and the Matanuska valleys, vegetation began cove ring the scars, Over several centuries a dense growth of trees and brush screened the land from Knik Arm to the mountain slopes of the Talkeetna range . Here and there a lake broke the uniform forest mantle. A salt marsh at the mouth of the Matanuska River kept the rank undergrowth from reaching tide water, A few low spots near the Little Susitna and other swampy areas supported a thick cover of moss or grass. The Valley, which really isn't a valley at all but a reworked foreland, rises from the Matanuska River in a series of benches ranging in width from a few hundred feet to more than a mile. Some areas are flat, others are rolling. Soil depth varies from eight feet in thickness for the region bordering the Matanuska River to a few inches in sections west of Wasilla. The soil mantle, of windblown loessial materials, is of relatively new geologic development, The Valley is bounded by the Chugach Mountains on the east, the Talkeetnas on the north, the Susitna Valley on the west and Knik Arm on the south. Winters are long but usually not unduly severe; summers cool and relatively moist, To this country came trappers, prospectors and traders in closing years of the nineteenth century. Hordes of insects, difficult trails, sparse population and great distance s from supply points discouraged many potential residents, Those who stayed were interested primarily in the Willow Creek gold field or the Matanuska coal deposits. Another generation, an uneasy international situation and social crises within the United States were required before the Matanuska Valley and the rest of Upper Cook Inlet were ripe for use. This history of the Valley is designed to trace the many human elements affecting the ebb and flow of agricultural development here. It brings into focus many problems that must be solved before new areas in Alaska can be settled satisfactorily

Perceiving by Syllables or by Segments: Evidence from the Perception of Subcategorical Mismatches

This paper describes an experiment in which two general hypotheses concerning speech perception are tested. According to the segment perception hypothesis the acoustic signal is interpreted in terms of segments analogous to those used by phoneticians in transcribing speech. The syllable perception hypothesis on the other hand holds that the speech signal is perceived in terms of syllable sized units. The experiment tests these two hypotheses by presenting subjects with a perceptual task for which the two make opposite predictions. Tokens with subcategorical mismatches were produced by cutting the fricatives [s] and [ʃ] from VC syllables (vowels were [i,a,o,u]) and recombining them with vowels which differed from the original context in terms of transitions and rounding. The segment perception hypothesis predicts that in syllables with transition mismatches (ie. transitions for [s] and with [ʃ] actually occurring) coarticulatory rounding on the actually occurring fricative will aid in the perception of [ʃ] and slow the perception of [s], while the lack of rounding on the actually occurring fricative will have the opposite effect. This is because the rounding makes [ʃ] a more extreme example of [ʃ] (and thus easier to categorize as such) while rounding makes an [s] less distinctly an [s]. The syllable perception hypothesis predicts that in syllables with transition mismatches coarticulatory rounding on the actually occurring fricative will aid the perception of [s] and hinder[ʃ] perception. This is because the [s] with rounding is acoustically closer to the prediction made on the basis of the transition on the vowel. Similarly, the [ʃ] with rounding is acoustically further removed from the [s] which is expected as a result of the transitions on the vowel in a mismatched syllable and thus should require more time to be perceived as [ʃ]. The results of the experiment reported here support the segment perception hypothesis. Subjects' perception of [s] in syllables with transition mismatches was inhibited by coarticulatory rounding while their perception of [ʃ] in syllables with transition mismatches was facilitated by coarticulatory rounding

The auditory/perceptual basis for speech segmentation

Language is temporal in two ways. Words and sentences occur in time, each utterance having a beginning and end. But, also the learner's experience of language occurs over time, the items that are crucial for defining linguistic structure are experienced over the course of years. These two observations are addressed in an exemplar model of phonological learning and word recognition. Major features of the model are described and its operation is illustrated in two simulations

Interior Landscape Plants for Indoor Air Pollution Abatement

In this study, the leaves, roots, soil, and associated microorganisms of plants have been evaluated as a possible means of reducing indoor air pollutants. Additionally, a novel approach of using plant systems for removing high concentrations of indoor air pollutants such as cigarette smoke, organic solvents, and possibly radon has been designed from this work. This air filter design combines plants with an activated carbon filter. The rationale for this design, which evolved from wastewater treatment studies, is based on moving large volumes of contaminated air through an activated carbon bed where smoke, organic chemicals, pathogenic microorganisms (if present), and possibly radon are absorbed by the carbon filter. Plant roots and their associated microorganisms then destroy the pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and the organic chemicals, eventually converting all of these air pollutants into new plant tissue. It is believed that the decayed radon products would be taken up the plant roots and retained in the plant tissue

PARASITES OF THE REDBREAST SUNFISH (LEPOMIS AURITUS) IN THE SOUTH CONCHO RIVER OF WEST CENTRAL TEXAS

Redbreast sunfish (Lepomis arturis) were caught from Head of the River Ranch, Texas, and their parasite communities were documented. Fish were caught in the spring (n= 8), summer (n= 12) and fall (n= 6) so that seasonal differences in the parasite community could be investigated. A total of 9 parasite species were recovered from these fish. An NMDS ordination plot and a permutational MANOVA (n= 10,000 iterations) revealed that the fish have a seasonally distinct parasite community in the fall. A series of ANOVAs were used as post-hoc tests to better understand which parasites may be contributing to this difference. Intensity significantly differed between spring and fall for Posthodiplostomum minimum. Intensity is likely influenced by the biotic and abiotic factors. This report serves as the first from this region, necessitating further exploration of the presence of parasites and their community dynamics